Journal: Antibiotics
Article Title: Combinations of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. Extracts with Selected Antibiotics Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Bioactivity and Phytochemistry
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13100994
Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activities of T. bellirica and T. chebula fruit extracts in agar disc diffusion assays against ( A ) S. aureus , ( B ) MRSA, ( C ) E. coli , ( D ) ESBL E. coli , ( E ) K. pneumoniae , and ( F ) ESBL K. pneumoniae . TB-AQ = T. bellirica aqueous; TB-MeOH = T. bellirica methanol; and TB-EtOAc = T. bellirica ethyl acetate. TCh-AQ = T. chebula aqueous; TCh-MeOH = T. chebula methanol; and TCh-EtOAc = T. chebula ethyl acetate. Negative controls = 1% DMSO and Blank = sterile water. Reference antibiotics: PEN G = penicillin G (10 IU), ERY = erythromycin (10 µg), TET = tetracycline (30 µg), CHL = chloramphenicol (30 µg), CIP = ciprofloxacin (1 µg), POL B = polymyxin B (300IU), OXA = oxacillin (1 µg), AMX = amoxycillin (10 µL of 0.01 mg/mL stock solution), GEN = gentamicin (10 µg), VAN = vancomycin (30 µg), AUG = Augmentin ® (15 µg), and CEF = cefoxitin (30 µg). Horizontal red lines on the y -axis at 6 mm indicates the disc diameter used in the assay. Mean values (±SEM) are reported from three independent studies. p -values < 0.01 are represented with a single asterisk symbol (*), while p -values < 0.001 are represented with a double asterisk symbol (**).
Article Snippet: The combination of gallic acid and thiamphenicol, and the combination of hamamelitannin with thiamphenicol or erythromycin, exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against E. coli . (ATCC 25922) [ ].
Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Sterility